Inheritance Rights of Children of a Predeceased Son or Daughter Under Section 4 MFLO | 2026 CLC 851

Inheritance of  orphan children.

پہلے فوت ہونے والے بیٹے یا بیٹی کی اولاد کا وراثتی حق

اہم قانونی اصول

بورڈ آف ریونیو سندھ نے قرار دیا کہ اگر مورث کا بیٹا یا بیٹی اس کی وفات سے پہلے انتقال کر جائے تو اس کی اولاد مسلم عائلی قوانین آرڈیننس 1961 کی دفعہ 4 کے تحت اپنے والد یا والدہ کا وہ حصہ حاصل کرنے کی حقدار ہے جو وہ زندہ ہوتے تو حاصل کرتے۔

مقدمے کا پس منظر

اس مقدمے میں مورث کا انتقال 17 جنوری 2017 کو ہوا تھا۔ اس کے ایک بیٹے اور ایک بیٹی کا انتقال مورث سے پہلے ہو چکا تھا۔ ان کی اولاد نے مورث کی جائیداد میں اپنے والدین کے حصے کا دعویٰ کیا۔

ریونیو حکام کی جانب سے پہلے درج شدہ متعدد وراثتی انتقالات منسوخ کرکے نئے سرے سے فوتی کھاتہ تیار کرنے کا حکم دیا گیا، جسے متاثرہ فریق نے چیلنج کیا۔

پہلے فوت ہونے والے بیٹے یا بیٹی کی اولاد کا حق

بورڈ آف ریونیو نے قرار دیا کہ دفعہ 4 کے تحت پہلے فوت ہونے والے بیٹے یا بیٹی کے بچے اپنے والد یا والدہ کی نمائندگی کرتے ہوئے وہ حصہ حاصل کرتے ہیں جو ان کے والد یا والدہ کو مورث کی وفات کے وقت زندہ ہونے کی صورت میں ملتا۔

اس اصول کو حصہ بہ حصہ نمائندگی 

(Per Stirpes)

کہا جاتا ہے۔

وراثتی انتقال کی قانونی حیثیت

بورڈ آف ریونیو نے قرار دیا کہ وراثتی انتقال محض ریونیو ریکارڈ کی درستگی کے لیے ہوتا ہے۔ انتقال خود کسی شخص کے حقِ ملکیت کو پیدا یا ختم نہیں کرتا۔

لہٰذا کسی مخصوص قانونی خرابی کی نشاندہی کیے بغیر پہلے سے درج تمام وراثتی انتقالات منسوخ کرنا اور نئے سرے سے فوتی کھاتہ تیار کرنا درست نہیں۔

اہم عدالتی اصول

بورڈ نے سپریم کورٹ کے فیصلوں 

Mst. Fazeelat Jan v. Sikandar (PLD 2003 SC 475)، Kamal Khan v. Mst. Zainab (PLD 1990 SC 1051) اور Kalsoom Begum v. Peran Ditta (2022 SCMR 1352)

پر انحصار کیا اور قرار دیا کہ دفعہ 4 مسلم عائلی قوانین آرڈیننس 1961 بدستور نافذ قانون ہے۔

فیصلہ

بورڈ آف ریونیو سندھ نے قرار دیا کہ پہلے فوت ہونے والے بیٹے اور بیٹی کی اولاد اپنے والد یا والدہ کے حصے کی نمائندگی کرتے ہوئے مورث کی جائیداد میں اپنے قانونی حصے کی حقدار ہے۔

چنانچہ اضافی کمشنر کا حکم کالعدم قرار دیتے ہوئے اپیل منظور کر لی گئی۔

حوالہ: Mst. Bibi Kashaf v. Syed Pir Ameer Ali Shah and others, 2026 C.I.C. 851, Board of Revenue, Sindh.

Must read judgment.

2026 C I. C 851

[Board of Revenue, Sindh]

Before Ghulam Abbas Naích, Member (RS&EP)

Mst. BIBI KASHAF ---Applicant

Versus

Syed PIR AMEER ALI SHAH and others ---Respondents

Case No. SROA-118 of 2024, decided on 19th September, 2025.

Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (VIII of 1961)-

S. 4-Sindh Land Revenue Act (XVII of 1967), S.42-Constitution of Pakistan, Arts. 189 & 201-Inheritance Children of a predeceased son or daughter of propositus---Entitlement of per stirpes share---Scope---Cancellation of mutation entries including those of inheritance--Revenue authorities, powers/responsibilities of Scope Children of predeceased son and daughter were aggrieved of cancellation of multiple inheritance mutations and ordering of fresh fotikhata-Validity-Section 4 of Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 (MFLO 1961) is a benevolent reform that engrafts representation for children of a predeceased son or daughter to take per stirpes the share their parent would have taken if alive when succession opened; the Supreme Court in Mst. Fazeelat jan v. Sikandar (PLD 2003 SC 475) reaffirmed that S.4 remains operative (pending decision of the Shariat Appellate Bench on the Federal Shariat Court's earlier view) and governs succession accordingly---Earlier, in Kamal Khan v. Mst. Zainah (PLD 1990 SC 1051), the Supreme Court recognized the legislative policy underlying Section 4 and addressed how the representational share is to be worked per stirpes so that the orphaned grandchildren do not exceed the quantum their predeceased parent would have obtained Most recently, the Supreme Court in Kalsoom Begum v. Peran Ditta and others (2022 SCMR 1352) clarified two poi points of continuing relevance: (i) Section 4 continues to be the subsisting law of Pakistan unless and until the Shariat Appellate Bench holds otherwise, and (ii) the doctrine of representation does not extend beyond grandchildren (Le., great-grandchildren are not covered by S.4)---Said pronouncements are binding under Art.189 of the Constitution; and High Court decisions declaring implementing these principles bind revenue authorities within the province under Art.201--Revenue forums cannot ignore or whittle down the effect of such judgments-It is well established law of inheritance in Sharia that the succession opens at the time of death of propositus In the present case, when the propositus died (more than eight years ago on 17-01-2017); one of his predeceased sons could not inherit; but his children (including the present applicant) inherit per stin stirpes under S.4---By contrast, the widow w of of the the said predeceased son not being a "child" 8. "child" within S.4, does not inherit directly from the propositus-Likewise, one predeceased daughter of the propositus will not inherit, but her children would inherit per stirpes-It is trite that mutation entries are fiscal in nature; they neither create nor extinguish title; they exist to keep land revenue records in line with pre-existing rights, usually established under personal law or by competent civil court orders---Therefore, wholesale cancellation of inheritance mutations, without pinpointing a specific legal infirmity and without conforming them to declared rights, is impermissible--Section 42 of the Sindh Land Revenue Act, 1967 provides. the procedural mechanism for making/altering entries on proof of acquisition of rights (including fotikhata); which provision does not authorize ignoring binding judicial determinations or statutory entitlements entitlements such such as as S.4 of MFLO, 1961; it requires the revenue officer to record the correct legal succession---Even assuming that revisional/oversight jurisdiction could be invoked to correct a mutation, such jurisdiction must be exercised judiciously, lawfully, and with cogent reasons Section 4 of (MFLO) 1961, being special statute having overriding effect over general law, is the controlling law in matters of inheritance---Member Board of Revenue set-aside the impugned order passed by the Additional Commissioner being not sustainable and having been predicated upon an incorrect premise overlooking the representation rights of a predeceased child, and ordering a "fresh fotikhata" without reference to S.4 of the MFLO by misdirecting himself in law and exceeding his jurisdiction Consequently, children of predeceased son and daughter of propositus. were held entitled for per stirpes share of predecessor (propositus)---Appeal, filed by daughter of predeceased son of propositus, was allowed accordingly.

Mst. Fazeelat Jan v. Sikandar PIL.D 2003 SC 475; Kamal Khan v. Mst. Zainab PLD 1990 SC 1051 and Kalsoom Begum v. Peran Ditta and others 2022 SCMR 1352 ref.

Applicant absent.

Respondents absent.


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