G-KZ4T1KYLW3 Child custody If mother remarried in Pakistan

Child custody If mother remarried in Pakistan


Child custody If mother remarried in Pakistan.


ماں کی کمزور مالی حالت اور غربت کی وجہ سے اس سے اس کو بچوں کی حوالگی سے محروم کرنامعقول وجہ نہیں ھے۔ SCMR 520 2019




Child custody If mother remarried in Pakistan 

پاکستان میں ماں کی دوسری شادی کے بعد بچوں کی حضانت

(Child Custody if Mother Remarried in Pakistan)
پاکستان میں طلاق کے بعد بچوں کی حضانت ایک نہایت حساس اور اہم قانونی معاملہ ہے۔ عموماً والد اور والدہ دونوں حضانت کے خواہاں ہوتے ہیں، تاہم قانون اور عدالتی نظائر کے مطابق بچوں کی فلاح و بہبود (Welfare of Minors) ہی وہ بنیادی اصول ہے جس پر حضانت کا فیصلہ کیا جاتا ہے۔ والدین کے ذاتی حقوق، دوسری شادی، مالی حیثیت یا خاندانی حالات اس اصول کے تابع ہیں۔

بنیادی قانونی اصول

گارڈینز اینڈ وارڈز ایکٹ، 1890 کی دفعہ 17 کے مطابق عدالت حضانت کے تعین میں بچے کی عمر، جنس، مذہب، سرپرست کے کردار و صلاحیت اور بچے کی معقول ترجیح کو مدنظر رکھتی ہے۔ اسلامی قانون (محمدن لا) میں اگرچہ عمومی قاعدہ یہ بیان کیا جاتا ہے کہ ماں دوسری شادی کی صورت میں حضانت کے ترجیحی حق سے محروم ہو سکتی ہے، لیکن سپریم کورٹ نے متعدد فیصلوں میں واضح کر دیا ہے کہ یہ قاعدہ قطعی (Absolute) نہیں بلکہ بچے کی فلاح کے تابع ہے۔

سپریم کورٹ کا تازہ ترین فیصلہ

سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان نے Civil Petition No. 240 of 2021 (Raja Muhammad Owais v. Mst. Nazia Jabeen) میں واضح طور پر قرار دیا کہ صرف ماں کی دوسری شادی بچوں کی حضانت سے محرومی کی خودکار وجہ نہیں بن سکتی۔ اس مقدمہ میں ٹرائل کورٹ نے بچوں کی حضانت ماں کے حق میں دی، جسے اپیلیٹ کورٹ نے صرف دوسری شادی کی بنیاد پر کالعدم کر دیا۔ ہائی کورٹ نے ٹرائل کورٹ کا فیصلہ بحال کیا، اور سپریم کورٹ نے ہائی کورٹ و ٹرائل کورٹ دونوں کے فیصلوں کو برقرار رکھا۔

عدالتی مشاہدات اور فیصلہ کی بنیاد

سپریم کورٹ نے قرار دیا کہ حضانت کے معاملات میں عدالت والدین کی اہلیت، گھر کا ماحول، بچوں کی جسمانی، ذہنی اور جذباتی ضروریات، اور سب سے بڑھ کر بچوں کی اپنی خواہش کو دیکھتی ہے۔ اس مقدمہ میں چاروں بچوں نے عدالت میں واضح طور پر ماں کے ساتھ رہنے کی خواہش ظاہر کی۔ عدالت نے بچوں کے بیانات کو نہ صرف معتبر سمجھا بلکہ انہیں فیصلہ کن اہمیت دی۔
عدالت نے مزید قرار دیا کہ ماں کی مالی خودمختاری، تعلیم، رہائش کا بندوبست اور بچوں کے ساتھ جذباتی وابستگی—یہ تمام عوامل بچے کی فلاح کے تعین میں اہم ہیں۔ اس بنا پر دوسری شادی کو تنہا بنیاد بنا کر حضانت سے محروم نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔

اسلامی قانون اور عدالتی تطبیق

سپریم کورٹ نے محمدن لا (Paras 352, 354) کا حوالہ دیتے ہوئے واضح کیا کہ اگرچہ بعض فقہی اصول دوسری شادی کی صورت میں ترجیحی حق کے زوال کی بات کرتے ہیں، لیکن عدالتی نظائر کے مطابق یہ اصول فلاحِ طفل کے تابع ہیں۔ عدالت نے PLD 2003 SC 887، PLD 2002 SC 267، 2004 SCMR 990، 2014 SCMR 343 سمیت متعدد فیصلوں کی روشنی میں یہ اصول دہرایا کہ ماں کی دوسری شادی خود بخود نااہلی نہیں بنتی۔

غربت اور کمزور مالی حالت

سپریم کورٹ کے فیصلے 2019 SCMR 520 کے مطابق ماں کی کمزور مالی حالت یا غربت بچوں کی حضانت سے محرومی کی معقول وجہ نہیں۔ اگر ماں بچوں کی مناسب دیکھ بھال کر سکتی ہو اور ان کی فلاح اس کے ساتھ وابستہ ہو تو محض مالی کمزوری کی بنیاد پر حضانت تبدیل نہیں کی جا سکتی۔

بچوں کی رائے کی قانونی حیثیت

عدالت نے اقوامِ متحدہ کے کنونشن برائے حقوقِ طفل (UNCRC) کے آرٹیکل 3، 7، 9 اور 12 کا حوالہ دیتے ہوئے کہا کہ بچے کی بہترین مفاد اور اس کی رائے کو مناسب وزن دینا لازم ہے، خصوصاً جب بچہ سمجھ بوجھ کی عمر کو پہنچ چکا ہو۔

نتیجہ

سپریم کورٹ نے حتمی طور پر قرار دیا کہ ماں کی دوسری شادی بذاتِ خود بچوں کی حضانت ختم نہیں کرتی۔ ہر کیس میں بچے کی فلاح، اس کی خواہش، گھر کا ماحول اور والدین کی مجموعی اہلیت کو دیکھ کر فیصلہ کیا جائے گا۔ لہٰذا ایسے تمام دعوے کہ “دوسری شادی کے بعد ماں حضانت کی حقدار نہیں رہتی” قانون اور عدالتی نظائر کے مطابق درست نہیں۔







custody of children always very important for both parties after divorce and both parties want to take custody but always minors welfare is most important thing which decide custody.

Following judgement is latest judgement of Supreme court in which supreme court decide the right of the mother not end if she remarry.

Short story of the following judgement that trial court custody of the children grant to mother 

Because The both girls record their statements that they want to live with their mother where they are living.

But Father stance fail in trial court that mother have been lost the right of custody due to second marriage.

Father challenge orders before session Judge and session judge accepted his Appeal and order setaside trial court.

Mother challenge Session court order before High court in writ jurisdiction. After hearing the case High court restore trial court order and give custody again to mother.

Father challenge High Court  order in  Supreme Court.

Supreme Court  maintain the orders of the High court and trial court and give custody to mother.

Latest judgement Cover all the points people ask.

Specially Father wants to take custody on ground that mother is remarried.



Judgement of  Supreme court about custody of kids If mother remarried in Pakistan.


SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN
(Appellate Jurisdiction)
PRESENT:
Mr. Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah
Mrs. Justice Ayesha A. Malik
CIVIL PETITION NO.240 of 2021
[Against order dated 12.01.2021 passed by the Lahore High Court 
Rawalpindi Bench, Rawalpindi in W.P. No.3800/2019] 
0
Raja Muhammad Owais
…Petitioner(s)
Ve
Mst. Nazia Jabeen and others
…Respondent(s)
For the Petitioner(s)
: Mr. Muhammad Siddique Awan, ASC
along with Petitioner
For Respondents No.1 
to 5
: Ms. Sarkar Abbas, ASC along with 
Respondents
Date of Hearing
: 05.10.2022
JUDGMENT
AYESHA A. MALIK, J.- The Petitioner has impugned 
order dated 12.01.2021 of the Lahore High Court, Rawalpindi 
Bench (the High Court) whereby judgment by the Appellate 
Court dated 08.11.2019, was set aside and judgment dated 
25.04.2019 passed the Senior Civil Judge, Rawalpindi, was 
restored.
2.
Brief facts are that the Petitioner and Respondent
No.1 were married and had four children, namely, Faizan Ullah 
Raja, Rabia Awais, Ayesha Awais and Ummama Awais; their 
ages today are 8 years, 13 years, 16 years and 17 years, 
respectively. Their marriage was dissolved on 30.01.2017. An 
application for custody under Section 25 of the Guardians and
Wards Act, 1890 (Act) was filed by Respondent No.1, the mother 

CP No.240 of 2021
- 2 -
on 08.11.2017 for the custody of the four children wherein she 
disclosed the fact that she had remarried. During the pendency 
of the custody application, two of the children, namely,
Ummama Awais and Ayesha Awais left their father’s home and 
moved in with their mother on 15.11.2017. They did this of 
their own choice and as a consequence thereof, the mother 
moved an application under section 22-A/22-B Cr.P.C. seeking 
a direction to refrain the Petitioner-father from causing 
harassment to her and the family members, which was disposed 
of by a learned Additional Sessions Judge/Ex-Officio Justice of 
Peace, Rawalpindi on 25.11.2017. The Senior Civil Judge 
(Family Division), Rawalpindi, vide consolidated judgment dated 
25.04.2019 accepted her application for custody of the children. 
This judgment was challenged before the Appellate Court which
set aside the judgment of the Senior Civil Judge and awarded 
custody of the children to the father vide judgment dated 
08.11.2019. The mother assailed the judgment of the Appellate 
Court through Writ Petition No.3800 of 2019 and the impugned 
order set aside the said judgment by upholding the judgment of 
the Senior Civil Judge, awarding custody of the children to the 
mother. 
3.
The basic contention of the father is that the mother 
has lost her right to custody given her second marriage. The 
learned counsel argued that in this case the father has not remarried; he has a respectable job and is able to care for the 
children; that his family consists of his brother & his wife and 
his mother. They reside in the same house and are able to help
CP No.240 of 2021
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him in taking care of the children. The father appeared in 
person and stated that the man the mother has married already 
has another wife with four children and amongst these children, 
he has four sons who are adults, ages between 20 to 24 years
whilst his daughters are young between the ages 13 to 17 years.
Hence, he stated that his four children should live with him and 
not with the step-father and step-brothers, which is not 
acceptable.
4.
On behalf of the mother, the learned counsel
confirmed that she has remarried and that the husband does 
have another family. However, she clarified that the families live 
in separate houses and that the husband visits Respondent
No.1 in her home. She stated that Respondent No.1 is 
independent and runs a successful business with her husband; 
that the children are happy with the mother and they have all 
opted to live with her as they made their statements before the
Senior Civil Judge that they are desirous of living with the 
mother. The impugned order has considered both the 
judgments of the Senior Civil Judge and the Appellate Court 
and concluded that while the Senior Civil Judge decided the 
issue of custody in favour of the mother based on the facts of 
the case while considering the second marriage of the mother,
the Appellate Court did not consider the facts properly and set 
aside the judgment solely on the ground that she had 
remarried. 
5.
The impugned order has relied on the financial 
independence of the mother, her education and the fact that the 
CP No.240 of 2021
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children wish to live with the mother. On the issue of the 
second marriage, the High Court found that the welfare of the 
minors lies in all four children living together, with the mother. 
The Petitioner contests these findings essentially on the ground 
of Respondent No.1’s second marriage and the fact that the 
person whom Respondent No.1 is remarried has another wife 
and family. 
6.
The basic issue is with reference to the custody 
sought by the mother for her four children. The emphasis by the 
father is on the mother’s second marriage which it is argued 
disentitles her to custody under the Islamic Law. D.F. Mullah in
Mohammadan Law in Para 352 provides that the mother is 
entitled to the custody (hizanat) of her male child until he has 
completed the age of seven years and of her female child until 
she has attained puberty. Para 352 ibid provides that this right 
continues whilst she is divorced from the father of the child, 
however, in the event she marries a second time, custody then 
belongs to the father. Para 354 of Mohammadan Law provides 
that the mother, who is otherwise entitled to the custody of a 
child, loses the right of custody if she marries a person not 
related to the child within the prohibited degrees which are 
specified in paras 260-261 of Mohammadan Law. So as per the 
principles of Mohammadan Law by D.F. Mullah where she 
remarries, she can be disqualified for custody. Section 17 of the 
Act requires the Court to consider the welfare of the minor when 
appointing a guardian and welfare will be decided based on the 
age, sex and religion of the minor, as well as the character and
CP No.240 of 2021
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capacity of the guardian and the preference of the minor where 
they are old enough to state their preference intelligently. These
provisions and the principles of Mohammdan Law have been 
examined by this Court in several judgments where it has held 
that the conditions contained in Paras 352 and 354 of Mullah’s
Mohammadan Law are not absolute and are subject to the 
welfare of the child. In Muhammad Siddique v. Lahore High 
Court, Lahore thorugh Registrar and others (PLD 2003 SC 887),
it was held that although the general rule is that the mother on 
contracting a second marriage forfeits her right of custody, this 
rule is not absolute and if it is in the interest of the child, 
custody should be given to the mother. The Court further held 
that it is the welfare of the minor that must be considered while 
determining custody and there is no absolute rule or fixed 
criteria on the basis of which welfare of the minor can be 
determined or custody can be awarded. In Mst. Shahista Naz v. 
Muhammad Naeem Ahmed (2004 SCMR 990), this Court 
concluded that the right of Hizanat having the force of 
Injunctions of Islam is an accepted principle of Islamic Law and 
a female on account of re-marriage may be disqualified to 
exercise this right, but a mother on account of re-marriage is 
not absolutely disqualified to be entrusted the custody of a 
minor child rather she may lose the preferential right of 
custody. The Court further held that there is no denying the fact 
that there can be no substitute for the mother of the minor 
child especially of tender age, therefore, the consideration for 
grant or refusal of custody will always be the welfare of

CP No.240 of 2021
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minor. In this case, the mother even on contracting second 
marriage was entitled to retain custody of the minor. Again 
while looking at the Islamic provisions on custody of minor, this 
Court concluded in Mst. Hameed Mai v. Irshad Hussain (PLD 
2002 SC 267) that the question of custody of a minor child will 
always be determined on the basis of the welfare of the minor 
and notwithstanding the father’s right for custody under 
Muslim Personal Law, this right is subject to the welfare of the 
minor. Again in Shabana Naz v. Muhammad Saleem (2014 
SCMR 343), Paras 352 and 354 of the Mohammadan Law were 
considered 
and 
the 
Court 
concluded that 
although 
Mohammadan Law provides that the mother is disentitled to 
custody if she re-marries, this is not an absolute rule but one 
that may be departed from if there are exceptional 
circumstances to justify such departure and even in a situation 
of a second marriage if the welfare of the minor lies with the 
mother then she should be awarded custody. 
7.
The aforesaid judgments clearly dispel the stance 
taken by the father that on account of the mother’s second 
marriage, she has lost the right of custody over her four 
children. Time and again, this Court has held that the 
paramount consideration where custody is concerned is the
welfare of the minor, that is to consider what is in the best 
interest of the child. The court’s jurisdiction in custody cases is 
in the form of parental jurisdiction which means that the court 
must consider all factors from the parents’ ability to provide for 
the child including physical and emotional needs, medical ca

CP No.240 of 2021
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but also relevant is the parents’ ability to provide a safe and 
secure home where the quality of the relationship between the 
child and each parent is comforting for the child. Hence, there 
is no mathematical formula to calculate the welfare of the 
minor, as the factors range from financial and economic 
considerations to the household environment, the care, comfort 
and attention that a child gets. Accordingly, the concept of 
welfare of the child is an all encompassing concept which will 
cover not only the manner in which the child has to be cared for
but will also include the physical, mental and emotional wellbeing of the child. 
8.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the 
Child, 1989 (UNCRC) is an international treaty which sets out 
the rights of children, be it economic, social, health or family.
The UNCRC was ratified by Pakistan in 1990 with reservations 
that it will adopt the Convention, subject to the requirements of 
the Islamic Law. However, in 1997, the ratification became 
absolute as the reservation was withdrawn. The UNCRC 
recognizes that the child should grow up in an environment of 
love, happiness and understanding. Article 3 provides that in all 
actions concerning children whether by courts of law or public, 
or private welfare institution amongst others, the best interest 
of the child shall be a primary consideration. Article 7 provides 
that every child has right to be cared for by their parents and 
Article 9 requires that in the event of separation between the 
parents, the child should be in contact with both parents unless 
either one can cause any harm. Article 12 provides that

CP No.240 of 2021
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capable of forming his or her own view should be able to 
express it and it should be given due weightage. This Article 
suggests that children’s preferences can be a guiding factor in 
custody cases, hence, encouraging their participation and 
opinion in custody matters. This is essential because custody is 
about the care and comfort of the child and the right of the 
child to a family. Custody matters are always sensitive and 
require a great deal of care as the court has to weigh in all 
factors in order to determine where the welfare of the minor lies.
In cases of remarriage, circumstances change, hence, while 
looking at the welfare of the child, the entire living arrangement 
and environment has to be reassessed in the context of the 
welfare of the child. Fundamental to this decision is the best 
interest of the child and not that of the parents. Hence, a 
second marriage of the mother cannot become a stand alone 
reason to disqualify her right to custody.
9.
In this case, the Senior Civil Judge (Family Division) 
considered the welfare of the children based on their ages and 
gender. The mother is an educated woman running a private 
school. She lives in her own house and is able to care for the 
children. One of the factors that prevailed with the Senior Civil 
Judge was the wishes of the four children as they made their 
statement in Court that they were desirous of living with their 
mother. In order to ascertain the desire of the children as of 
today, we asked each of the children, who are present in Court,
about their preference. We were informed by each of the 
children that they desired to live with their mother. We find t

CP No.240 of 2021
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the children were confident and were able to easily express their 
wishes. The desire as expressed by the children is relevant 
particularly when the child is able to express his or her mind on 
preference. Although, this cannot be the sole factor, it is a 
relevant factor and we find that the Appellate Court totally 
ignored this aspect of the matter particularly with reference to 
Ummama Awais and Ayesha Awais, who of their own free will,
left their father’s home to reside with their mother on 
15.11.2017 and have since been living with their mother. 
10.
Under the circumstances, we find no illegality in the 
impugned judgment. Consequently, no case for grant of leave is 
made out. Petition is dismissed. 
JUDGE
JUDGE



















































 























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