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2/01/2025

Ex-Parte Decree Set Aside for Invalid Substituted Service under Order V CPC – 2024 CLC 907 Lahore High Court”



Ex-Parte Decree Set Aside for Invalid Substituted Service under Order V CPC – 2024 CLC 907 Lahore High Court.


سمن کی درست تعمیل (Service of Summons) اور اخباری اشاعت کے ذریعے متبادل سروس کے قانون پر ایک اہم نظیر ہے۔ ذیل میں اس کا سادہ مگر جامع اردو تجزیہ پیش ہے:

2024 C L C 907
لاہور ہائیکورٹ
جسٹس محمد رضا قریشی

بنیادی سوال

کیا مدعا علیہ (Defendant) کو قانون کے مطابق سمن کی تعمیل ہوئی تھی یا نہیں؟
اور کیا اخباری اشاعت (Substituted Service) قانونی طور پر درست تھی؟

کیس کا پس منظر

مدعا علیہ کو عام طریقہ سے سمن کبھی واپس رپورٹ کے ساتھ موصول نہیں ہوا
رجسٹرڈ ڈاک (A.D.) کی رسیدیں تو لگیں مگر A.D. کارڈ عدالت کو واپس نہیں ملا
اس کے باوجود ٹرائل کورٹ نے اخباری اشاعت کا حکم دے دیا
بعد ازاں یکطرفہ (Ex-parte) فیصلہ/ڈگری ہو گئی
سول کورٹ نے مدعا علیہ کی درخواست پر Ex-parte ڈگری ختم کر دی
لیکن ڈسٹرکٹ کورٹ نے مدعیان کی نظرِ ثانی منظور کر کے سول کورٹ کا حکم ختم کر دیا

لاہور ہائیکورٹ کا فیصلہ

لاہور ہائیکورٹ نے قرار دیا کہ:

1️⃣ سمن کی تعمیل بنیادی حق ہے

کسی بھی فریق کا بغیر سنے فیصلہ کرنا انصاف کے بنیادی اصول کے خلاف ہے۔
Due Service ہر مقدمہ میں پہلی اور لازمی شرط ہے۔

2️⃣ Order V Rules 16, 17, 18, 21 & 23 لازمی ہیں

اگر مدعا علیہ دوسرے ضلع میں رہتا ہو تو:
Rule 21 & 23 کے تحت سمن متعلقہ ضلع کی عدالت کو بھیجا جانا لازم ہے
وہاں سے تعمیل کی مکمل رپورٹ واپس آنا ضروری ہے
یہ سب کیے بغیر اخباری اشاعت نہیں ہو سکتی

3️⃣ اخباری اشاعت آخری حل ہے

Order V Rule 20 (Substituted Service) تبھی ہو سکتی ہے جب:
عدالت مطمئن ہو کہ
تمام عام طریقے ناکام ہو چکے ہیں
مدعا علیہ جان بوجھ کر سروس سے بچ رہا ہے
اس کیس میں ایسا کچھ بھی ثابت نہیں تھا

4️⃣ اخباری اشاعت کا حکم غیر قانونی (Nullity) قرار

چونکہ:

نہ سمن واپس آیا
نہ A.D. کارڈ
نہ Rules 16, 17, 18 کی تعمیل ہوئی
اس لیے:
اخباری اشاعت کا حکم قانونی حیثیت نہیں رکھتا
اور اس پر مبنی Ex-parte ڈگری خود بخود ختم ہو جاتی ہے

نتیجہ

✔ لاہور ہائیکورٹ نے:
ڈسٹرکٹ کورٹ کا حکم کالعدم قرار دیا
سول کورٹ کا حکم بحال کر دیا
Ex-parte فیصلہ/ڈگری ختم برقرار رکھی
آئینی درخواست منظور کر لی
قانونی اصول (Key Takeaways)
اخباری اشاعت ذاتی سروس کا متبادل نہیں
Order V کی لازمی شقوں کی خلاف ورزی = پوری کارروائی باطل
Due Service ہر فریق کا بنیادی حق ہے
عدالت کا اطمینان ریکارڈ سے ظاہر ہونا ضروری ہے

Services of notice in another city.


Must read Judgement


2024 C L C 907

[Lahore]

Before Muhammad Raza Qureshi, J

REHAN IQBAL----Petitioner

Versus

ABDUL HAQ and 2 others----Respondents

Writ Petition No.70519 of 2022, heard on 22nd June, 2023.

(a) Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908)---

----O.V, Rr.16, 17, 18, 21 & 23---Summoning of defendant(s)---Due service---Substituted service---Question was whether the petitioner/defendant was ever served in accordance with law---After receipts of registered post A.D. were presented the Trial Court ordered publication in the newspaper on the basis that he (defendant) could not be served through summons; subsequently ex-parte judgment / decree was passed against the defendant---Civil Court allowed the defendant's application for setting aside ex-parte judgment and decree, however, revision of the plaintiffs was allowed and said order passed by the Civil Court was set aside---Validity---Admittedly, in the present case, the summons issued to the petitioner/defendant was never returned with any report, whereas, though receipts of registered post A.D. were presented but the Trial Court never received back the card of A.D., therefore, the order of the Trial Court that he (petitioner/defendant) could not be served through summons appeared to have been passed in betrayal of mandate of law and it seemed that the Trial Court failed to exercise its jurisdiction in accordance with law---First obligation of the Trial Court was that if it had noticed that the petitioner/ defendant was resident of another district, the safest mode should have been to follow the provisions of O.V, Rr.21 & 23 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 ('C.P.C'), which provided that if defendant resides within the jurisdiction of another Court, the summons shall be sent by the Court by which it is issued either by one of its officers or by post to any Court having jurisdiction in the place where the defendant resides---Under R.23 of O. V of the C.P.C., the Court to which summons is sent under R.21 shall, upon receipt thereof, proceed as if it has been issued by such Court and shall then return the summons to the Court of issue, together with the record of its proceedings with regard thereto---Relevant order passed by the Trial Court having been analyzed in the light of said provisions of law, it was observed that while issuing the summons to the petitioner/defendant, those provisions were overlooked by the Trial Court, which upon non-return of summons sent by the issuing Court and non-receipt of A.D. was sine qua non for the service of petitioner/defendant---Failure of the Trial Court to follow the mandate contained in provisions of O. V, Rr. 21 & 23 of the C.P.C. had serious consequences and order for issuing substituted service through publication was nullity in the eyes of law---Provisions of Rr.16, 17 and 18 of O. V of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908, were also ignored by the Trial Court as the said provisions are not illusory and it is bounden duty of the Court to ensure substantial compliance of these provisions before directing substituted service as unless provisions contained in Rr. 16, 17, 18, 21 and 23 are not satisfied, the order for substituted service under O. V, R. 20 of the C.P.C. is nullity in the eyes of law as the Court for the said purpose has to satisfy itself that all the efforts to effect service in the ordinary mode have failed---Non-adherence to the mandatory provisions renders the process of service through publication invalid and edifice built upon it automatically falls down---Adherence and observance to these provisions is mandatory as due service is the first fundamental right of every litigant, who is to defend his cause before the court of law, therefore, it is not only a formality but a matter of importance that the provisions are duly complied with---District Court by reversing the Order passed by the Civil Court committed material irregularity as it failed to analyze the legal position that on account of non-adherence to the mandatory provisions of O. V of the C.P.C. in relation to service through ordinary modes, the service upon the petitioner/ defendant through substituted mode was inconsequential---High Court set-aside impugned order passed by the District Court and consequently upheld order passed by the Civil Court setting aside ex-parte judgment and decree---Constitutional petition filed by the defendant was allowed, in circumstances.

       Rana Jahangir Khan v. Manzoor Ahmad PLD 2012 Lah. 204; Yaqoob Ali through L.Rs. and others v. Muhammad Ayub and others PLD 2021 Lah. 678 and Mrs. Nargis Latif v. Mrs. Feroz Afaq Ahmed Khan 2001 SCMR 99 ref.

(b) Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908)---

----O.V, Rr.16, 17, 18, 21 & 23---Summoning of defendant(s)---Due service---Substituted service---Scope---Civil Court allowed the defendant's application for setting aside ex-parte judgment and decree, however, revision of the plaintiffs was allowed and said order passed by the Civil Court was set aside on the basis that the substituted service was as effective as personal service and the Court might on the failure of defendant to appear when the suit was called for hearing proceed with the hearing of the suit ex-parte as substituted service had always been equated with that of due service----Validity---District Court failed to advert that the effectiveness of service could only be presumed authentic if either record or order reflected that the provisions of O.V of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908, in relation to service of summons or through registered A.D. had been duly complied with---Remedy of substituted service could be resorted to only if the court was satisfied that there was a reason to believe that the other side was shying out only to avoid the service---District Court by reversing the Order passed by the Civil Court committed material irregularity as it failed to analyze the legal position that on account of non-adherence to the mandatory provisions of O.V of the C.P.C. in relation to service through ordinary modes, the service upon the petitioner/ defendant through substituted mode was inconsequential---High Court set-aside impugned order passed by the District Court and consequently upheld order passed by the Civil Court setting aside ex-parte judgment and decree---Constitutional petition filed by the defendant was allowed, in circumstances.

       Sana Jamali v. Mujeeb Qamar and another 2023 SCMR 316 ref.

       Moiz Tariq for Petitioner.

       Syed Muhammad Shah for Respondents.

 

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