Qanuni Amdad urdu: Shia daughter rights in property

2/08/2025

Shia daughter rights in property

2024 C L C 895

[Lahore]

Before Shahid Bilal Hassan, J

Mst. NAWAB BIBI (DECEASED) through L.Rs.----Petitioner

Versus

HAKIM ALI and others----Respondents

Civil Revision No.2312 of 2014, heard on 4th October, 2023.

(a) Islamic law---

----Inheritance---Muslim sect---Presumption---Predecessor-in-interest of petitioners / plaintiffs was the only daughter of deceased owner of suit property, who claimed her father to be Shia by faith---Validity---Every Muslim in the sub-continent is presumed to belong to Sunni sect, unless 'good evidence' to the contrary is produced by the party contesting the same---Judicial determination of whether such presumption of faith of a party, positively stands rebutted, would be adjudged by the Court on the principle of preponderance of evidence produced by parties---No strict criteria can be set to determine faith of a person and therefore to pass any finding thereon---Courts are to consider surrounding circumstances i.e. way of life, parental faith and faith of other close relatives---Predecessor in interest of petitioners / plaintiffs failed to prove that deceased owner of suit property was professing Shia faith during his life time---Ultimate result would be that the deceased owner was Sunni by faith and the same was rightly determined and declared as such by the Courts below while passing judgments and decrees---Concurrent/coexisting possession of deceased predecessor-in-interest of petitioners/plaintiffs and after her demise, that of the petitioners/plaintiffs, her successors, would be considered---High Court declined to interfere in concurrent findings of facts by two Courts below as they had committed no illegality, irregularity and wrong exercise of jurisdiction, rather after evaluating evidence on record reached a just conclusion that defendants failed to prove their case through trustworthy and reliable evidence---Revision was dismissed, in circumstances.

Mst. Chanani Begum (Deceased) through LRs. v. Mst. Qamar Sultan 2020 SCMR 254; Abdul Rehman and others v. Mst. Allah Wasai and others 2022 SCMR 399; Ghulam Shabbir and others v. Mst. Bakhat Khatoon and others 2009 SCMR 644; Tahira Bibi v. Muhammad Khan and others PLD 2018 Lah. 803; Mst. Zaitoon Begum v. Nazar Hussain and another 2014 SCMR 1469; Cantonment Board through Executive Officer, Cantt. Board Rawalpindi v. Ikhlaq Ahmed and others 2014 SCMR 161; Muhammad Farid Khan v. Muhammad Ibrahim and others 2017 SCMR 679; Muhammad Sarwar and others v. Hashmal Khan and others PLD 2022 SC 13 and Mst. Zarsheda v. Nobat Khan PLD 2022 SC 21 rel.

(b) Limitation---

----Inheritance---Fraud---Effect---Fraud vitiates the most solemn transaction and in such like position, when question of inheritance is involved, limitation does not run---When foundational transaction is based on fraud and mala fide, the subsequent superstructure built thereon cannot be allowed to stand and ultimately collapses.

Ijaz Hussain for Petitioner.

Syed Kaleem Ahmad Khurshid and Sultan Mehmood for Respondents Nos.4 to 9.

Ex parte: Respondents Nos.1 to 3.

اہم نکات:

1. وراثت میں فرقہ کی presumptive حیثیت:

برصغیر میں ہر مسلمان کو سنی سمجھا جاتا ہے، جب تک کہ اس کے برعکس ٹھوس شواہد پیش نہ کیے جائیں۔

کسی شخص کے مذہب کو ثابت کرنے کے لیے سخت معیار مقرر نہیں کیا جا سکتا بلکہ طرزِ زندگی، والدین کا مذہب اور قریبی رشتہ داروں کے عقائد جیسے عوامل کو مدنظر رکھا جاتا ہے۔

2. دعویٰ کرنے والے کا موقف ثابت کرنے میں ناکامی:

درخواست گزار (متوفی مالک جائیداد کی بیٹی) یہ ثابت نہ کر سکی کہ اس کا والد شیعہ تھا۔

عدالت نے شواہد کی بنیاد پر قرار دیا کہ متوفی سنی عقیدے پر تھا۔

3. عدالت کا مؤقف:

ماتحت عدالتوں نے درست فیصلہ دیا اور ان کے نتائج میں کوئی غیر قانونی یا غیر منطقی پہلو نہیں پایا گیا۔

حقائق کی متفقہ بنیاد پر کیے گئے فیصلوں میں ہائی کورٹ مداخلت نہیں کرے گی۔

اس بنیاد پر نظرثانی کی درخواست مسترد کر دی گئی۔

4. وراثت اور دھوکہ دہی:

دھوکہ کسی بھی لین دین کو کالعدم کر دیتا ہے، خاص طور پر جب معاملہ وراثت سے متعلق ہو۔

اگر جائیداد کے انتقال کی بنیاد دھوکہ دہی پر ہو، تو ایسی دستاویزات قانونی طور پر ناقابل قبول ہوں گی، اور وقت کی پابندی (limitation) لاگو نہیں ہو گی۔

یہ نکات اس کیس کے بنیادی فیصلے اور اس کے اثرات کو واضح کرتے ہیں۔

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