Order 26 civil procedure code | Commissions to Examine Witnesses 

Order 26 civil procedure code 

آرڈر XXVI ضابطہ دیوانی (Code of Civil Procedure, 1908)

کمیشنز سے متعلق قانونی وضاحت

آرڈر XXVI ضابطہ دیوانی میں عدالت کے اختیارِ کمیشن کو منظم کیا گیا ہے۔ اس آرڈر کا بنیادی مقصد یہ ہے کہ جہاں عدالت خود براہِ راست کسی امر کی انجام دہی میں دشواری محسوس کرے وہاں کمیشن کے ذریعے شواہد اکٹھے کیے جائیں تاکہ انصاف کے تقاضے پورے ہو سکیں۔ کمیشن دراصل عدالت کا نمائندہ ہوتا ہے جو محدود دائرے میں عدالتی اختیار استعمال کرتا ہے۔

گواہوں کے معائنے کے لیے کمیشن

آرڈر XXVI کے تحت عدالت اس امر کی مجاز ہے کہ کسی ایسے شخص کے معائنے کے لیے کمیشن جاری کرے جو عدالت کی حدود میں رہتا ہو لیکن قانون کے تحت عدالت میں حاضری سے مستثنیٰ ہو یا بیماری یا کمزوری کے باعث حاضر نہ ہو سکتا ہو۔ اس اختیار کا مقصد ایسے گواہوں کی شہادت کو ممکن بنانا ہے جن کی ذاتی حاضری عدالت میں ممکن نہ ہو۔

کمیشن کے اجرا کی درخواست یا ازخود اختیار

عدالت کمیشن کے اجرا کا حکم خود بھی دے سکتی ہے یا کسی فریقِ مقدمہ یا گواہ کی درخواست پر بھی دے سکتی ہے، بشرطیکہ درخواست حلف نامے یا مناسب مواد کے ساتھ ہو۔ اس سے یہ اصول واضح ہوتا ہے کہ کمیشن کوئی معمولی کارروائی نہیں بلکہ عدالتی صوابدید کے تحت دی جانے والی سہولت ہے۔

عدالتی حدود میں رہنے والے گواہ کے لیے کمیشن

اگر گواہ عدالت کی مقامی حدود میں رہتا ہو تو عدالت کسی ایسے شخص کو کمشنر مقرر کر سکتی ہے جسے وہ مناسب سمجھے۔ اس میں وکیل یا کوئی دوسرا قابلِ اعتماد فرد شامل ہو سکتا ہے جو عدالتی احکامات کے مطابق شہادت ریکارڈ کرے۔

عدالتی حدود سے باہر رہنے والے گواہوں کے لیے کمیشن

آرڈر XXVI عدالت کو یہ اختیار دیتا ہے کہ وہ ایسے گواہ کے معائنے کے لیے کمیشن جاری کرے جو عدالت کی حدود سے باہر رہتا ہو، یا جو جلد ان حدود سے باہر جانے والا ہو، یا جو ریاستی ملازم ہو اور جس کی حاضری عوامی مفاد کے خلاف ہو۔ اس صورت میں کمیشن کسی ماتحت عدالت یا کسی مقرر کردہ شخص کو دیا جا سکتا ہے۔

پاکستان سے باہر مقیم گواہ

اگر کوئی گواہ پاکستان سے باہر مقیم ہو اور عدالت مطمئن ہو کہ اس کی شہادت مقدمے کے لیے ضروری ہے تو عدالت کمیشن یا لیٹر آف ریکویسٹ جاری کر سکتی ہے۔ یہ اختیار بین الاقوامی قانونی تعاون کی ایک مثال ہے۔

کمیشن پر عملدرآمد اور واپسی

جس عدالت یا شخص کو کمیشن موصول ہو وہ اس پر عملدرآمد کا پابند ہوتا ہے اور شہادت ریکارڈ کر کے کمیشن واپس بھیجتا ہے۔ ریکارڈ شدہ شہادت، کمیشن اور اس کی واپسی مقدمے کے ریکارڈ کا حصہ بن جاتی ہے۔

کمیشن پر ریکارڈ شدہ شہادت کی قانونی حیثیت

کمیشن کے ذریعے لی گئی شہادت اس وقت تک بطور ثبوت نہیں پڑھی جا سکتی جب تک مخالف فریق رضامند نہ ہو، الا یہ کہ گواہ وفات پا چکا ہو، بیمار ہو، عدالت کی حدود سے باہر ہو یا قانونی طور پر حاضری سے مستثنیٰ ہو۔ عدالت کو یہ اختیار بھی حاصل ہے کہ وہ حالات کے خاتمے کے باوجود ایسی شہادت پڑھنے کی اجازت دے۔

مقامی تحقیقات کے لیے کمیشن

جہاں عدالت کسی تنازع کو بہتر طور پر سمجھنے، جائیداد کی مارکیٹ ویلیو معلوم کرنے یا منافع و نقصان کے تعین کے لیے مقامی تحقیق کو ضروری سمجھے، وہاں کمیشن جاری کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ کمشنر موقع کا معائنہ کر کے رپورٹ عدالت میں پیش کرتا ہے۔

کمشنر کی رپورٹ اور شہادت

کمشنر کی رپورٹ اور اس کے ذریعے لی گئی شہادت مقدمے کا حصہ ہوتی ہے۔ تاہم عدالت یا فریقین کمشنر سے کھلی عدالت میں وضاحت طلب کر سکتے ہیں۔ اگر عدالت مطمئن نہ ہو تو مزید تحقیق کا حکم دے سکتی ہے۔

اکاؤنٹس کے معائنے کے لیے کمیشن

جہاں مقدمے میں حسابات کی جانچ یا درستی ضروری ہو وہاں عدالت کمیشن جاری کر سکتی ہے۔ کمشنر کو یہ ہدایت دی جا سکتی ہے کہ وہ صرف کارروائی منتقل کرے یا اپنی رائے بھی دے۔ اس کی رپورٹ ثبوت سمجھی جاتی ہے۔

تقسیمِ جائیداد کے لیے کمیشن

جب تقسیمِ جائیداد کا ابتدائی ڈگری جاری ہو جائے تو عدالت کمیشن مقرر کر کے جائیداد کو حصوں میں تقسیم کروا سکتی ہے۔ کمشنر کی رپورٹ پر اعتراضات سنے جاتے ہیں اور بعد ازاں حتمی ڈگری صادر کی جاتی ہے۔

عمومی اختیارات اور طریقہ کار

عدالت کمیشن کے اخراجات کے لیے رقم جمع کروانے کا حکم دے سکتی ہے۔ کمشنر کو گواہوں کے معائنے، دستاویزات طلب کرنے اور جائیداد میں داخل ہونے کا اختیار حاصل ہوتا ہے۔ قانونِ شہادت اور گواہوں سے متعلق ضابطے کمیشن پر بھی لاگو ہوتے ہیں۔

غیر ملکی عدالتوں کی درخواست پر کمیشن

اگر کسی غیر ملکی سول عدالت کو پاکستان میں مقیم گواہ کی شہادت درکار ہو تو ہائی کورٹ کمیشن جاری کر سکتی ہے۔ اس عمل میں مرکزی حکومت کے ذریعے خط و کتابت ہوتی ہے اور شہادت متعلقہ غیر ملکی عدالت کو بھجوائی جاتی ہے۔

نتیجہ

آرڈر XXVI ضابطہ دیوانی عدالتی نظام میں ایک مؤثر ذریعہ ہے جو انصاف کی فراہمی کو سہل بناتا ہے۔ کمیشن کے ذریعے عدالتیں وقت، اخراجات اور عملی مشکلات کے باوجود اہم شواہد تک رسائی حاصل کر کے منصفانہ فیصلہ کرنے کے قابل ہوتی ہیں۔

ORDER XXVI

COMMISSIONS

Commissions to Examine Witnesses

1. Any court may in any suit issue a commission for the examination on interrogatories or 

otherwise of any person resident within the local limits of its jurisdiction who is 

exempted under this Code from attending the Court or who is from sickness or infirmity 

unable to attend it.

2. An order for the issue of a commission for the examination of a witness may be made 

by the Court either of its own motion or on the application, supported by affidavit or 

otherwise, of any party to the suit or of the witness to be examined.

3. A commission for the examination of a person who resides within the local limits of 

the jurisdiction of the Court issuing the same may be issued to any person whom the 

Court thinks fit to execute it.

4.-(1) Any Court may in any suit issue a commission for the examination of -

a) any person resident beyond the local limits of its jurisdiction;

b) any person who is about to leave such limits before the date on which he is required to 

be examined in Court; and

c) [any person in the service of the [State] ] who cannot, in the opinion of the Court, 

attend without detriment to the public service.

(2) Such commission may be issued to any Court, not being a High Court, within the 

local limits of whose jurisdiction such person resides, or to any pleader or other person 

whom the Court issuing the commission may appoint.

(3) The Court on issuing any commission under this rule shall direct whether the 

commission shall be returned to itself or to any subordinate Court.

5. Where any Court to which application is made for the issue of commission for the 

examination of a person residing at any place not within[Pakistan] is satisfied that the 

evidence of such person is necessary, the Court may issue such commission or a letter of 

request.

6. Every Court receiving a commission for the examination of any person shall examine 

him or cause him to be examined pursuant thereto.

7. Where a commission has been duly executed it shall be returned, together with the 

evidence taken under it, to the Court from which it was issued, unless the order for 

issuing the commission has otherwise directed, in which case the commission shall be 

returned in terms of such order; and the commission and the return thereto and the 

evidence taken under it shall (subject to the provisions of the next following rule) form 

part of the record of the suit.

8. Evidence taken under a commission shall not be read as evidence in the suit without 

the consent of the party against whom the same is offered unlessa) the person who gave the evidence is beyond the jurisdiction of the Court, or dead or 

unable from sickness or infirmity to attend to be personally examined, or exempted from 

personal appearance in Court, or is a [person in the service of the [State]] who cannot, in 

the opinion of the Court attend without detriment to the public service, or

b) the Court in its discretion dispenses with the proof of any of the circumstances 

mentioned in clause (a) and authorizes the evidence of any person being read as evidence 

in the suit, notwithstanding proof that the cause for taking such evidence by commission 

has ceased at the time of reading the same.

Commissions for Local Investigations

9. In any suit in which the Court deems a local investigation to be requisite or proper for 

the purpose of elucidating any matter in dispute, or of ascertaining the market-value of 

any property, or the amount or any mesne profits or damages or annual net profits, the 

Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such 

investigation and to report thereon to the Court:

Provided that, where the [Provincial Government] has made rules as to the persons to 

whom such commission shall be issued, the Court shall be bound by such rules.

10.-(1) The Commissioner, after such local inspection as he deems necessary and after 

reducing to writing the evidence taken by him, shall return such evidence, together with 

his report in writing signed by him to the Court.

(2) The report of the Commissioner and the evidence taken by him (but ot the evidence 

without the report) shall be evidence in the suit and shall form part of the record; but the 

Court or, with the permission of the Court, any of the parties to the suit may examine the 

Commissioner personally in open Court touching any of the matters referred to him or 

mentioned in his report, or as to his report, or as to the manner in which he has made the 

investigation.

(3) Where the Court is for any reason dissatisfied with the proceedings of the 

Commissioner, it may direct such further inquiry to be made as it shall think fit.

Commission to examine Accounts

11. In any suit in which an examination or adjustment of accounts is necessary, the Court 

may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such 

examination or adjustment.

12.-(1) The Court shall furnish the Commissioner with such part of the proceedings and 

such instructions as appear necessary and the instructions shall distinctly specify whether 

the Commissioner is merely to transmit the proceedings which he may hold on the 

inquiry, or also to report his own opinion on the point referred for his examination.

(2) The proceedings and report (if any) of the Commissioner shall be evidence in the suit, 

but where the Court has reason to be dissatisfied with them, it may direct such further 

inquiry as it shall think fit.

Commissions to make Partitions

13. Where a preliminary decree for partition has been passed, the Court may, in any case 

not provided for by section 54, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit to make 

the partition or separation according to the rights as declared in such decree.

14.- (1) The Commissioner shall, after such inquiry as may be necessary, divide the 

property into as many shares as may be directed by the order under which the 

commission was issued, and shall allot such shares to the parties, and may, if authorised 

thereto by the said order, award sums to be paid for the purpose of equalizing the value of 

the shares.

(2) The Commissioner shall then prepare and sign a report or the Commissioners(where 

the commission was issued to more than one person and they cannot agree) shall prepare 

and sign separate reports appointing the share of each party and distinguishing each share 

(if so directed by the said order) by metes and bounds. Such report or reports shall be 

annexed to the commission and transmitted to the Court; and the Court, after hearing any 

objections which the parties may make to the report or reports, shall confirm, vary or set 

aside the same.

(3) Where the Court confirms or varies the report or reports it shall pass a decree in 

accordance with the same as confirmed or varied; but where the Court sets aside the 

report or reports it shall either issue a new commission or make such other order as it 

shall think fit.

General Provisions

15. Before issuing any commission under this Order, the Court may order such sum (if 

any) as it thinks reasonable for the expenses of the commission to be, within a time to be 

fixed paid into Court by the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the commission 

is issued.

16. Any commissioner appointed under this Order may, unless otherwise directed by the 

order of appointment,-

a) examine the parties themselves and any witness whom they or any of them may 

produce, and any other person whom the Commissioner thinks proper to call upon to give 

evidence in the matter referred to him;

b) call for and examine documents and other things relevant to the subject of inquiry;

c) at any reasonable time enter upon or into any land or building mentioned in the order.

17.- (1) The provisions of this Code relating to the summoning, attendance and 

examination of witnesses, and to the remuneration of, and penalties to be imposed upon, 

witnesses, shall apply to persons required to give evidence or to produce documents 

under this Order whether the commission in execution of which they are so required has 

been issued by a Court situate within or by a Court situate beyond the limits of [Pakistan] 

and for the purpose of this rule the Commissioner shall be deemed to be a civil Court.

(2) A Commissioner may apply to any Court (not being a High Court) within the local 

limits of whose jurisdiction a witness resides for the issue of any process which he may 

find it necessary to issue to or against such witness, and such Court may, in its discretion, 

issue such process a sit considers reasonable and proper.

18.- (1) Where a commission is issued under this Order, the Court shall direct that the 

parties to the suit shall appear before the Commissioner in person or by their agents or 

pleaders.

(2) Where all or any of the parties do not so appear, the Commissioner may proceed in 

their absence.

[Commissions issued at the instance of Foreign Tribunals.

19.- (1) If a High Court is satisfied -

a) that a foreign Court situated in a foreign country wishes to obtain the evidence of a 

witness in any proceeding before it,

b) that the proceeding is of a civil nature, and

c) that the witness is residing within the limits of the High Court's appellate jurisdiction.

It may, subject to the provisions of rule 20, issue a commission for the examination of 

such witness.

(2) Evidence may be given of the matters specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of sub-rule 

(1)

a) by a certificate signed by the consular officer of the foreign country of the highest rank 

in [Pakistan] and transmitted to the High Court through the [Central Government], or

b) by a letter of request issued by the foreign Court and transmitted to the High Court 

through the [Central Government] or

c) by a letter of request issued by the foreign Court and produced before the High Court 

by a party to the proceeding.

20. The High Court may issue a commission under rule 19 -

a) upon application by a party to the proceeding before the foreign Court or

b) upon an application by a law officer of the [Provincial Government] acting under 

instructions from the [Provincial Government].

21. A commission under rule 19 may be issued to any Court within the local limits of 

whose jurisdiction the witness resides, or, where *** the witness resides within the local 

limits of [the ordinary original civil jurisdiction of the High Court], to any person whom 

the Court thinks fit to execute the commission.

21. The provisions of rules 6, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of this Order in so far as they are 

applicable shall apply to the issue, execution and return of such commissions, and when 

any such commission has been duly executed it shall be returned, together with the 

evidence taken under it, to the High Court, which shall forward it to the [Central 

Government] along with the letter or request for transmission to the foreign Court].

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