Order 22 civil procedure code

Order 22 civil procedure code in Pakistan.

Order 22 cpc 

Order 22 with rules civil procedure judgment

ORDER XXII

DEATH, MARRIAGE AND INSOLVENCY OF PARTIES

1. The death of plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate if the right to sue 

survives.

2. Where there are more plaintiffs or defendants than one, and any of them dies, and 

where the right to sue survives to the surviving plaintiffs or plaintiffs alone or against the 

surviving defendant or defendants alone the Court shall cause an entry to that effect to be 

made on the record and the suit shall proceed at the instance of the surviving plaintiff or 

plaintiffs or against the surviving defendant or defendants.

3. - (1) Where one of two or more plaintiffs dies and the right to sue does not survive to 

the surviving plaintiffs alone; [or on receipt of an intimation of the death of such plaintiff 

from the person nominated by him for that purpose under rule 26, Order VII or a sole 

plaintiff or sole surviving plaintiff dies and the right to sue survives the Court on an 

application made in that behalf shall cause the legal representative of the deceased 

plaintiff to be made a party and shall proceed with the suit.

[(2) Where within the time allowed by law no application is made or intimation is given 

under sub-rule (I), the Court may proceed with the suit and any order made or judgment 

pronounced in such suit shall notwithstanding the death of such plaintiff have the same 

force and effect as if it had been made or pronounced before the death took place.]

4.- (1) Where one of two or more defendants dies and the right to sue does not survive 

against the surviving defendant or defendants alone [or on receipt of an intimation of the 

death of such defendant from the person nominated by him for that purpose under rule 

13, Order VIII] or a sole defendant or sole surviving defendant dies and the right to sue 

survives the Court on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal 

representative of the deceased defendant to made a party and shall proceed with the suit.

(2) Any person so made a party may make any defence appropriate to his character as 

legal representative of the deceased defendant.

[(3) When within the time limited by law no application is made or intimation is given 

under sub-rule (1) the Court may proceed with the suit and any order made or judgment

ronounced in such suit shall notwithstanding the death of such defendant have the same 

force and effect as if it had been pronounced before the death took place.]

[(4) It shall not be necessary to substitute the legal representatives of any such defendant 

who has failed to file a written statement or has failed to appear and contest the suit at the 

hearing; and judgment may in such case be pronounced against the said defendant 

notwithstanding his death and such judgment shall have the same force and effect as if 

had been pronounced before his death took place.]

5. Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not the legal representative of 

a deceased plaintiff or a deceased defendant such question shall be determined by the 

Court.

6. Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing rules, whether the cause of action 

survives or not, there shall be no abatement by reason of the death of either party between 

the conclusion of the hearing and the pronouncing of the judgment, but judgment may in 

such case be pronounced notwithstanding death and shall have the same force and effect 

as if it had been pronounced before the death took place.

7. - (1) The marriage of a female plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate 

but the suit may notwithstanding be proceeded with to judgment and where the decree is 

against a female defendant it may be executed against her alone.

(2) Where the husband is by law liable for the debts of his wife the decree may with the 

permission of the |court be executed against the husband also; and in case of judgment for 

the wife execution of the decree may with such permission, be issued upon the 

application of the husband where the husband is by law entitled to the subject-matter of 

the decree.

8. - (1) The insolvency of a plaintiff in any suit which the assignee or receiver might 

maintain for the benefit of his creditors, shall not cause the suit to abate unless such 

assignee or receiver declines to continue the suit or (unless for any special reason the 

Court otherwise directs) to give security for the costs thereof within such time as the 

Court may direct.

(2) Where the assignee or receiver neglects or refuses to continue the suit and to give 

such security within the time so ordered the defendant may apply for the dismissal of the 

suit on the ground of the plaintiff's insolvency and the Court may make an order 

dismissing the suit and awarding to the defendant the costs which he has incurred in 

defending the same to be proved as a debt against the plaintiff's estate.

9. - (1) When a suit is dismissed under rule 8 no fresh suit shall be brought on the same 

cause of action.

(2) Any person claiming to be the legal representative of a deceased plaintiff or defendant 

or the assignee or the receiver in the case of an insolvent [plaintiff may apply to the Court

for setting aside any order made or judgment pronounced by it in his absence; and if it is 

proved that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from continuing the suit or 

defending the suit as the case may be the Court shall set aside the order or the judgment 

upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.] 

[(3) The provisions of section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1908 (IX of 1908) shall apply to 

applications under sub-rule (2).] 

10. - (1) In other cases of an assignment, creation or devolution of any interest during the 

pendency of a suit the suit may, by leave of the Court be continued by or against the 

person to or upon whom such interest has come or devolved.

(2) The attachment of a decree pending an appeal therefrom shall be deemed to be an 

interest entitling the person who procured such attachment to the benefit of sub-rule (1).

11. In the application of this Order to appeals so far as may be the word "Plaintiff" shall 

be held to include an appellant the word "defendant" a respondent and the word "suit" an 

appeal.

12. Nothing in rules 3, 4 and 8 shall apply to proceedings in execution of a decree or 

order.

Order 22 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) in Pakistan addresses the intricacies of the procedure to be followed in the case of death, marriage, or insolvency of parties involved in civil litigation. This order plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth continuation of legal proceedings despite changes in the status of the parties. Let's delve into the key provisions and significance of Order 22 in the legal landscape of Pakistan.

### Death of a Party:

One of the primary scenarios covered by Order 22 is the death of a party during the pendency of a civil case. In such instances, the legal heirs or representatives of the deceased party are brought into the proceedings. The court may require the substitution of the deceased party's legal representatives to avoid any lapse in the litigation process.

### Procedure for Substitution:

Order 22 outlines the procedure for substitution, emphasizing the necessity of filing an application for substitution by the legal representatives of the deceased. The court, upon being satisfied with the credentials of the applicants, makes the substitution order. This ensures the continuity of the legal proceedings and prevents the case from abating due to the death of a party.

### Lapse of the Suit:

If there is a failure to substitute the legal representatives of the deceased party within the stipulated time, the court may declare the suit as having abated. Abatement leads to the termination of the case, and the legal heirs lose the opportunity to pursue the litigation on behalf of the deceased.

### Insolvency of a Party:

Order 22 also addresses situations where a party becomes insolvent during the course of legal proceedings. The Official Assignee or the Receiver appointed by the court steps in as the representative of the insolvent party. This ensures a fair distribution of assets and proper representation in the legal process.

### Marriage of a Female Party:

In cases where a female party gets married after the initiation of legal proceedings, the order provides for the substitution of her husband as a party to the suit. This recognizes the change in marital status and ensures that the rights and obligations are appropriately transferred.

### Safeguards to Prevent Abatement:

The CPC incorporates safeguards to prevent the abatement of suits due to technicalities. The court may allow an application for setting aside the abatement if sufficient cause is shown. This discretionary power is exercised judiciously to avoid injustice.

### Conclusion:

Order 22 of the Civil Procedure Code in Pakistan acts as a procedural safeguard, allowing for the smooth continuation of legal proceedings despite changes in the status of parties involved. It recognizes the inevitable occurrences such as death, marriage, or insolvency and provides a structured mechanism for substitution to maintain the integrity of the litigation process. Legal practitioners and litigants alike benefit from a clear understanding of Order 22, ensuring that their rights are preserved and justice is served even in the face of changing circumstances.

پاکستان میں سول پروسیجر کوڈ (CPC) کا آرڈر 22 دیوانی قانونی چارہ جوئی میں شامل فریقین کی موت، شادی، یا دیوالیہ ہونے کی صورت میں عمل کرنے کے طریقہ کار کی پیچیدگیوں کو دور کرتا ہے۔ یہ حکم فریقین کی حیثیت میں تبدیلی کے باوجود قانونی کارروائیوں کے ہموار تسلسل کو یقینی بنانے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ آئیے پاکستان کے قانونی منظر نامے میں آرڈر 22 کی اہم دفعات اور اہمیت کا جائزہ لیتے ہیں۔

### ایک جماعت کی موت:

آرڈر 22 میں شامل بنیادی منظرناموں میں سے ایک دیوانی کیس کے زیر التوا ہونے کے دوران فریق کی موت ہے۔ ایسی صورتوں میں، قانونی ورثاء یا مقتول پارٹی کے نمائندوں کو کارروائی میں لایا جاتا ہے۔ عدالت متوفی فریق کے قانونی نمائندوں کے متبادل کا تقاضہ کر سکتی ہے تاکہ قانونی چارہ جوئی کے عمل میں کسی کوتاہی سے بچا جا سکے۔

### متبادل کے لیے طریقہ کار:

آرڈر 22 میت کے قانونی نمائندوں کی طرف سے متبادل کے لیے درخواست دائر کرنے کی ضرورت پر زور دیتے ہوئے متبادل کے طریقہ کار کا خاکہ پیش کرتا ہے۔ عدالت، درخواست گزاروں کی اسناد سے مطمئن ہونے پر، متبادل کا حکم دیتی ہے۔ یہ قانونی کارروائی کے تسلسل کو یقینی بناتا ہے اور کسی فریق کی موت کی وجہ سے کیس کو ختم ہونے سے روکتا ہے۔

### سوٹ کا ختم ہونا:

اگر مقررہ وقت کے اندر متوفی فریق کے قانونی نمائندوں کو تبدیل کرنے میں ناکامی ہوتی ہے تو، عدالت اس مقدمے کو ختم کرنے کا اعلان کر سکتی ہے۔ تخفیف کیس کے خاتمے کا باعث بنتی ہے، اور قانونی ورثاء متوفی کی جانب سے قانونی چارہ جوئی کا موقع کھو دیتے ہیں۔

### ایک پارٹی کا دیوالیہ پن:

آرڈر 22 ان حالات کو بھی حل کرتا ہے جہاں قانونی کارروائی کے دوران کوئی فریق دیوالیہ ہو جاتا ہے۔ عدالت کی طرف سے مقرر کردہ سرکاری تفویض یا وصول کنندہ نادہندہ فریق کے نمائندے کے طور پر قدم رکھتا ہے۔ یہ اثاثوں کی منصفانہ تقسیم اور قانونی عمل میں مناسب نمائندگی کو یقینی بناتا ہے۔

### عورت پارٹی کی شادی:

ایسے معاملات میں جہاں ایک خاتون فریق قانونی کارروائی شروع کرنے کے بعد شادی کر لیتی ہے، حکم میں اس کے شوہر کو مقدمے میں فریق کے طور پر تبدیل کرنے کا انتظام کیا گیا ہے۔ یہ ازدواجی حیثیت میں تبدیلی کو تسلیم کرتا ہے اور اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ حقوق اور ذمہ داریوں کو مناسب طریقے سے منتقل کیا گیا ہے۔

### تخفیف کو روکنے کے لیے حفاظتی تدابیر:

سی پی سی میں تکنیکی خصوصیات کی وجہ سے سوٹ کی کمی کو روکنے کے لیے حفاظتی اقدامات شامل کیے گئے ہیں۔ عدالت تخفیف کو ایک طرف رکھنے کی درخواست کی اجازت دے سکتی ہے اگر کافی وجہ دکھائی جائے۔ اس صوابدیدی اختیار کا استعمال ناانصافی سے بچنے کے لیے انصاف سے کیا جاتا ہے۔

### نتیجہ:

پاکستان میں سول پروسیجر کوڈ کا آرڈر 22 ایک طریقہ کار کے تحفظ کے طور پر کام کرتا ہے، جو ملوث فریقین کی حیثیت میں تبدیلیوں کے باوجود قانونی کارروائی کو آسانی سے جاری رکھنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔ یہ موت، شادی، یا دیوالیہ پن جیسے ناگزیر واقعات کو تسلیم کرتا ہے اور قانونی چارہ جوئی کے عمل کی سالمیت کو برقرار رکھنے کے لیے متبادل کے لیے ایک منظم طریقہ کار فراہم کرتا ہے۔ قانونی ماہرین اور مدعی یکساں طور پر آرڈر 22 کی واضح تفہیم سے فائدہ اٹھاتے ہیں، اس بات کو یقینی بناتے ہوئے کہ ان کے حقوق محفوظ ہیں اور بدلتے ہوئے حالات کے باوجود انصاف کی فراہمی ہے۔

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